Grover Cleveland is the only US president to serve two non-consecutive terms, making him both the 22nd and 24th president. He was known for his political courage, fiscal conservatism, and refusal to grant special favors to business or political allies. His vetoes of special-interest legislation earned him both admiration and enemies.

Neville Chamberlain served as British Prime Minister from 1937 to 1940 and is most associated with the policy of appeasement toward Nazi Germany. His signing of the Munich Agreement in 1938, ceding Czechoslovak territory to Hitler, is often cited as a cautionary tale in diplomacy. He resigned in 1940 as Germany's invasion of France made his policy untenable, replaced by Winston Churchill.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov was one of the most influential composers in the Russian nationalist tradition, best known for orchestral showpieces like Scheherazade and The Flight of the Bumblebee. He was a member of "The Five," a group of composers who championed distinctly Russian musical forms. He also completed and orchestrated several unfinished works by his contemporaries Mussorgsky and Borodin.

German engineer Rudolf Diesel invented the compression-ignition engine that bears his name, which would transform global transportation, industry, and agriculture. He patented his engine design in 1892 and saw it manufactured commercially by 1897. His mysterious disappearance at sea in 1913 — his body found days later in the English Channel — has never been fully explained.

John C. Calhoun served as Vice President under both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson, and became one of the most influential — and divisive — political theorists in American history. He was a leading advocate of states' rights and nullification, which argued that states could void federal laws they deemed unconstitutional. His defense of slavery as a "positive good" made him a hero to the antebellum South and a villain to abolitionists.

One of the leading poets of World War I, Owen wrote powerful anti-war poetry including "Dulce et Decorum Est" before being killed in action just one week before the Armistice.