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This Day in History

September 13

"A fifteen-minute battle for Quebec decided a continent."

7 Events
4 Born
3 Died
1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham
1916

Roald Dahl

British novelist and short story writer

Roald Dahl is one of the best-selling children's authors of all time, whose darkly imaginative tales — including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, James and the Giant Peach, and Matilda — have enchanted readers across generations. Before his literary fame, he served as a RAF fighter pilot and worked as a wartime intelligence operative. His adult short stories, often macabre and twisted, are equally celebrated.

1819

Clara Schumann

German pianist and composer

Clara Schumann was one of the most celebrated pianists of the nineteenth century and a significant composer in her own right. She performed across Europe from childhood, championed the work of her husband Robert Schumann and her close friend Johannes Brahms, and helped define the modern concert recital. She was among the first pianists to perform from memory rather than from a score.

1874

Arnold Schoenberg

Austrian composer and music theorist

Schoenberg revolutionized Western music by developing the twelve-tone technique, abandoning traditional tonality in favor of a new system of organizing pitch. His early Romantic works gave way to a deliberately atonal style that proved deeply polarizing but enormously influential on twentieth-century composition. He fled Nazi Germany in 1933 and settled in California.

1727

James Wolfe

British general

General James Wolfe was the British commander whose audacious nighttime assault on the Plains of Abraham secured the fall of Quebec City in 1759. He died of his wounds during the battle at the age of 32, ensuring his place in history as both hero and martyr of the British conquest of Canada.

533

Belisarius Defeats the Vandals at Ad Decimum

Byzantine general Belisarius crushed the Vandal kingdom at the Battle of Ad Decimum near Carthage, beginning the reconquest of North Africa for the Eastern Roman Empire. The victory opened the door to the recovery of much of the former Western Roman Empire under Emperor Justinian I.

1229

Ögedei Khan Proclaimed Ruler of the Mongol Empire

Ögedei Khan was proclaimed the second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire following the death of his father Genghis Khan, continuing the expansion that would create the largest contiguous land empire in history. Under Ögedei, the Mongols pushed deep into Europe and consolidated control over China and Persia.

1759

Battle of the Plains of Abraham

British forces under General James Wolfe defeated the French under the Marquis de Montcalm outside Quebec City, effectively ending French dominion over Canada. Both commanders were mortally wounded, and the battle took less than fifteen minutes.

1814

"The Star-Spangled Banner" Written

Lawyer Francis Scott Key, watching the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in Baltimore harbor from a truce ship, was inspired by the sight of the American flag still flying at dawn to write the poem "Defence of Fort McHenry." Set to music, it became the U.S. national anthem in 1931.

1906

Santos-Dumont Makes First Powered Flight in Europe

Brazilian aviation pioneer Alberto Santos-Dumont flew his 14-bis biplane in Paris for the first time before an official audience, a flight widely recognized in Europe as the first public powered airplane flight. His achievement sparked intense debate with American claims about the Wright Brothers' earlier flights.

1985

Super Mario Bros. Released in Japan

Nintendo released Super Mario Bros. for the Famicom in Japan, launching one of the most successful video game franchises in history. The game is credited with revitalizing the North American video game industry after the crash of 1983 and introducing Mario as gaming's most iconic character.

1993

Oslo Accords Signed: Rabin and Arafat Shake Hands

Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat shook hands on the White House lawn after signing the Oslo Accords, a framework agreement for Palestinian self-governance. The historic handshake, witnessed by President Clinton, represented the highest point of hope in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.

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1759

James Wolfe

British general

Wolfe died of musket wounds received during the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, just as his forces secured their decisive victory. He was 32 years old and his death on the field of victory made him one of the most romantically mourned military heroes of the eighteenth century.

1996

Tupac Shakur

American rapper and actor

Tupac Shakur died from gunshot wounds sustained in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas six days earlier, at the age of 25. One of the most influential figures in hip-hop history, he had released five studio albums and starred in multiple films. His death and the subsequent murder of Biggie Smalls marked the tragic peak of the East Coast–West Coast hip-hop rivalry.

1977

Leopold Stokowski

British-American orchestral conductor

Stokowski was one of the twentieth century's most charismatic and innovative conductors, longtime music director of the Philadelphia Orchestra and collaborator with Walt Disney on the animated film Fantasia. He was celebrated for his rich orchestral sound and his willingness to champion new and contemporary music.

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