267 years ago today
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
On September 13, 1759, British forces under General James Wolfe scaled the cliffs above Quebec City under cover of darkness and surprised the French garrison commanded by the Marquis de Montcalm on a plateau known as the Plains of Abraham. The resulting battle lasted barely fifteen minutes, but its outcome decided the fate of an entire continent: the British victory effectively ended French power in North America and set the stage for Canadian Confederation a century later. Both Wolfe and Montcalm were mortally wounded in the engagement, making the battle uniquely poignant in military history. The fall of Quebec opened the way for the British conquest of New France, permanently altering the linguistic and cultural map of North America.
Roald Dahl
British novelist and short story writer
Roald Dahl is one of the best-selling children's authors of all time, whose darkly imaginative tales — including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, James and the Giant Peach, and Matilda — have enchanted readers across generations. Before his literary fame, he served as a RAF fighter pilot and worked as a wartime intelligence operative. His adult short stories, often macabre and twisted, are equally celebrated.
Clara Schumann
German pianist and composer
Clara Schumann was one of the most celebrated pianists of the nineteenth century and a significant composer in her own right. She performed across Europe from childhood, championed the work of her husband Robert Schumann and her close friend Johannes Brahms, and helped define the modern concert recital. She was among the first pianists to perform from memory rather than from a score.
Arnold Schoenberg
Austrian composer and music theorist
Schoenberg revolutionized Western music by developing the twelve-tone technique, abandoning traditional tonality in favor of a new system of organizing pitch. His early Romantic works gave way to a deliberately atonal style that proved deeply polarizing but enormously influential on twentieth-century composition. He fled Nazi Germany in 1933 and settled in California.
James Wolfe
British general
General James Wolfe was the British commander whose audacious nighttime assault on the Plains of Abraham secured the fall of Quebec City in 1759. He died of his wounds during the battle at the age of 32, ensuring his place in history as both hero and martyr of the British conquest of Canada.
Belisarius Defeats the Vandals at Ad Decimum
Byzantine general Belisarius crushed the Vandal kingdom at the Battle of Ad Decimum near Carthage, beginning the reconquest of North Africa for the Eastern Roman Empire. The victory opened the door to the recovery of much of the former Western Roman Empire under Emperor Justinian I.
Ögedei Khan Proclaimed Ruler of the Mongol Empire
Ögedei Khan was proclaimed the second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire following the death of his father Genghis Khan, continuing the expansion that would create the largest contiguous land empire in history. Under Ögedei, the Mongols pushed deep into Europe and consolidated control over China and Persia.
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
British forces under General James Wolfe defeated the French under the Marquis de Montcalm outside Quebec City, effectively ending French dominion over Canada. Both commanders were mortally wounded, and the battle took less than fifteen minutes.
"The Star-Spangled Banner" Written
Lawyer Francis Scott Key, watching the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in Baltimore harbor from a truce ship, was inspired by the sight of the American flag still flying at dawn to write the poem "Defence of Fort McHenry." Set to music, it became the U.S. national anthem in 1931.
Santos-Dumont Makes First Powered Flight in Europe
Brazilian aviation pioneer Alberto Santos-Dumont flew his 14-bis biplane in Paris for the first time before an official audience, a flight widely recognized in Europe as the first public powered airplane flight. His achievement sparked intense debate with American claims about the Wright Brothers' earlier flights.
Super Mario Bros. Released in Japan
Nintendo released Super Mario Bros. for the Famicom in Japan, launching one of the most successful video game franchises in history. The game is credited with revitalizing the North American video game industry after the crash of 1983 and introducing Mario as gaming's most iconic character.
Oslo Accords Signed: Rabin and Arafat Shake Hands
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat shook hands on the White House lawn after signing the Oslo Accords, a framework agreement for Palestinian self-governance. The historic handshake, witnessed by President Clinton, represented the highest point of hope in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.
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Start a conversation →James Wolfe
British general
Wolfe died of musket wounds received during the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, just as his forces secured their decisive victory. He was 32 years old and his death on the field of victory made him one of the most romantically mourned military heroes of the eighteenth century.
Tupac Shakur
American rapper and actor
Tupac Shakur died from gunshot wounds sustained in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas six days earlier, at the age of 25. One of the most influential figures in hip-hop history, he had released five studio albums and starred in multiple films. His death and the subsequent murder of Biggie Smalls marked the tragic peak of the East Coast–West Coast hip-hop rivalry.
Leopold Stokowski
British-American orchestral conductor
Stokowski was one of the twentieth century's most charismatic and innovative conductors, longtime music director of the Philadelphia Orchestra and collaborator with Walt Disney on the animated film Fantasia. He was celebrated for his rich orchestral sound and his willingness to champion new and contemporary music.
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